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    What is Cardiology?

     

    Cardiology is the specialty within medicine that looks at the heart and blood vessels. Your heart is made up of four chambers, which are responsible for pumping blood to your lungs and then the rest of your body. The study of the heart includes the heart muscle (the myocardium), the valves within the heart between the chambers, the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle, and the electrical system of the heart, which is what controls the heart rate.

     

     

    COMMON DISEASES

     

    Coronary artery disease (“blocked arteries”).

     

    The commonest symptom of this problem is chest pain or tightness sometimes accompanied by shortness of breath. The pain may shoot down your arms and can make you feel sick, dizzy or sweaty.

     

    CARDIOLOGY

     

    • Consultation
    • ECG
    • Echo
    • Exercise Treadmill Test
    • CT Angiograms:
    Circle of Willis, Carotids, Aortogram, CT Pulmonary, CT Leg Angiogram, CT Coronary Angiogram and calcium scoring
    • Angiogram and Stenting

    Am I likely to have coronary artery disease?

     

    Several risk factors increase the chance of having it. However even if you don’t have any of the following it could still happen to you. The risks include:

    • Smoking
    • Diabetes
    • High blood pressure
    • High cholesterol
    • Heart problems in the family
     
     
    Treatment of coronary artery disease

     

    This consists of medications to protect the heart and its blood vessels. Some patients will require blood thinning and cholesterol treatment. Some patients will need angiograms to find the blockages and “unblock them” with stents.

     

     

    Heart failure

     

    Heart failure happens when the heart is not pumping properly. Many

    diseases can cause heart failure, including blocked arteries, high blood

     pressure, excess alcohol, and heart valve diseases (age related or

    rheumatic fever).

     

    Main symptoms include tiredness and breathlessness on exertion.

     

    Treatment of heart failure

    Medications are key. These may be started and monitored by both your cardiologist and GP.

     

    Cardiac arrhythmias: (“abnormal heart beats”)

    A complex electric system within the heart muscle controls the heart beats. A number of conditions affect heart rate and/or rhythm making it too fast, too slow or too irregular. Different tablets will be used for different conditions. ECG (heart traces) and echocardiograms (ultrasound tests) help guide treatment.

     

    Valve disease

     

    Heart valves ensure blood flows the right way through the heart. Conditions can make these valves too narrow (not opening properly) or leaky (not closing properly). This may result in the heart pump not working properly (heart failure).

    ECG and Echo guide treatment that can be with medications and surgeries in severe cases.  

          

    What is Radiology?

     

    Radiology is specialty of medicine that uses medical imaging to help diagnose and treat diseases. Many different types of tests are used to test for diseases. These include ultrasound, CT scans, MRI and x-rays.

     

     

    COMMON DISEASES

     

    Varicose Vein

     

    Varicose veins form when the veins in the legs are unable to help blood return to the heart. These can be caused by a wide variety of reasons with obesity, pregnancy and smoking being the major causes. Because of the diseased veins, the blood pools in the legs, causing the veins to swell and may give rise to darkening of the skin, make the skin brittle or cause ulcers.

     

    Diagnosis is made using detailed ultrasound scanning of the legs. 

    Treatment- RFA and Foam Sclerotherapy (which is a new technology over vein stripping that provides more comfort and quicker recovery) and compression dressing.

    RADIOLOGY

     

    • ULTRASOUND
    • Neck scan
    • Abdomen-Pelvis scan
    • KUB scan (kidney, ureter and bladder)
    • Scrotal scan
    • Leg Venous Doppler:
    DVT scan & varicose vein scan

     

    GENERAL CT


    • Head
    • Neck
    • Chest
    • Abdomen-pelvis
    • Spine
    • Musco-skeletal

    Cancer

     

    Cancer is a group of disease where the cells of the body grow uncontrollably.

     

    Diagnosis can be made using physical exam, laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT scans (used for staging as well) and biopsy. 

     

    Treatment involves surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, etc. depending on the extent of the disease.

     

     

    Gall Stones

     

    Gallstones are hardened bile (digestive fluid) deposits that form in the gall bladder. 

     

    Diagnosis- blood tests, ultrasound and CT scan.

     

    Treatment- some smaller stones can pass through on their own. Surgery may be required for bigger stones that are causing symptoms